What will happen in 4000 years

These can withstand the colossal tensile forces required to maintain structural integrity. This curved, impossibly large surface — equivalent to many millions of planet Earths — is becoming a habitat for many sentient lifeforms, with portions being terraformed and given stable atmospheres, oceans and landmasses. A sizeable percentage of citizens are now migrating to these strange artificial worlds. This includes a diverse mix of biological humans, as well as transhumans, synthetics, clones, androids, sentient animals and other communities.

A series of additional Dyson Spheres are being constructed around neighbouring star systems — some even larger. Having begun its journey to the stars in the 22nd century, humanity is reaching a landmark in its exploration of space. A region nearly 1, light years in radius has now been settled or about 2 percent of the total length of our galaxy.

Polar reversals have occurred many times before in Earth's history - typically every , years. The last time was around , BC. This means the planet is long overdue for such an event. From onwards, the intensity of Earth's magnetic field was known to be declining by six percent each century. By , the poles are beginning to completely reverse.

Charged particles from the Sun affect satellites and other near-Earth vessels which lack adequate protection. However, plants and animals on Earth are unaffected. During the reversal, the solar wind induces a sufficient magnetic field in the ionosphere, temporarily shielding the surface in the absence of the normal magnetic field.

The first particle accelerators were small, terrestrial-based devices. In the early 21st century, they resulted in energies of only a few tera-electronvolts. By the middle of the 4th millenium, however, an accelerator covering the entire perimeter of our Solar System has been built. This becomes the single largest experiment in history — powerful enough to accelerate particles to a state known as the Grand Unification Energy, allowing the very earliest moments of the Universe to be simulated.

The electromagnetic, weak and strong nuclear force three of the four fundamental forces are viewed for the first time at precisely the same strength: becoming effectively different aspects of a single force. Power and energy : 1 watt of power uses 1 joule of energy per second; about watts in 1 horsepower; 3, kilojoules kJ or kilocalories kcal in 1 kWh of energy, sustaining 1, watts for 1 hour.

For example , a watt incandescent light bulb illuminates a room; 80 watts sustain human basal metabolic rate, using 6, kJ or 1, kcal or 1.

Patrick Doncaster , 7 November , one of the then 7,,, rising by per minute, 79 million per year. Evolution of life on Earth 4,,, earliest life on Earth: single-celled prokaryotic Archaea Hadean Eon , 3. Human evolution 2,, earliest human, Homo sp. Years ago. Evolution of life on Earth. Homo habilis in Africa , using stone tools for cleaving meat from bone.

But when? Theoretical physicist and futurist Michio Kaku forecasts this transcendence occurring within a mere century. Physicist Freeman Dyson raises that estimate to less than years.

Back in the day, Kardashev envisaged that it would take only 3, years to reach type II status. If humanity only reaches type I status by A. Warfare and self-destruction might still pose a threat to humanity's survival, but ecological concerns will be a thing of the past. If we achieve type II status by that point, then 71st century humans will wield even greater technological power. Dyson proposed that such a civilization would be capable of encapsulating a star with a swarm of satellites to harvest its energy.

Other theorized type II feats include interstellar travel and the ability to move entire planets -- and all this on top of whatever breakthroughs have occurred in genetics and computing.

Such future humans will likely differ greatly from us culturally or even neurologically. They may well be what futurists and philsophers refer to as posthumans or transhumans.

Regardless, a lot can happen in 5, years. We might destroy ourselves with warfare or unwittingly ravage the planet with nanotechnology. Perhaps we'll fail to mitigate the threat posed by asteroid and comet collisions. We might even encounter an alien type II civilization long before we achieve that level ourselves.

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